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["Table 6: Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis"]
[null,"Model 1a","Model 2b","Model 3c",null,"Model 4d",null,"Model 5e",null,"Model 6f"]
["Variables","OR (95% CI)","OR","OR",null,"OR",null,"OR",null,"OR"]
[null,null,"(95% CI)","(95% CI)",null,"(95% CI)",null,"(95% CI)",null,"(95% CI)"]
["Child Characteristics"]
["Sex (male)",null,"0.99(0.97-1.02)","0.99(0.97-1.01)",null,"0.99(0.97-1.02)",null,"0.99(0.97-1.02)",null,"0.99(0.97-1.02)"]
["Age (months)",null,"1.01(0.99-1.02)**","1.02(1.01-1.04)***",null,"1.04(1.02-1.05)***",null,"1.03(1.01-1.05)***",null,"1.04(1.02-1.06)***"]
["Age (months)2",null,"0.99(0.99-0.99)***","0.99(0.99-0.99)***",null,"0.99(0.99-0.99)***",null,"0.99(0.99-0.99)***",null,"0.99(0.99-0.99)***"]
["Birth order- 2nd",null,"0.99(0.91-1.08)","0.94(0.87-1.02)*",null,"0.94(0.87-1.01)*",null,"0.95(0.88-1.02)*",null,"0.94(0.87-1.02)*"]
["Birth order- 3rd",null,"0.92(0.85-0.99)**","0.86(0.78-0.94)**",null,"0.86(0.79-0.94)***",null,"0.86(0.79-0.94)**",null,"0.86(0.78-0.93)***"]
["Birth order- 4th+",null,"0.83(0.77-0.88)***","0.83(0.75-0.90)***",null,"0.83(0.76-0.91)***",null,"0.84(0.76-0.91)***",null,"0.83(0.76-0.91)***"]
["Average size-at-birth",null,"1.00(0.96-1.04)","0.99(0.96-1.03)",null,"0.99(0.95-1.03)",null,"0.99(0.95-1.03)",null,"0.99(0.96-1.03)"]
["Large size-at-birth",null,"1.07(1.03-1.11)***","1.04(0.99-1.08)**",null,"1.04(0.99-1.08)**",null,"1.03(0.99-1.04)*",null,"1.03(0.99-1.07)*"]
["Birth Interval",null,"0.98(0.97-0.99)**","0.98(0.97-0.99)**",null,"0.98(0.97-0.99)**",null,"0.98(0.97-0.99)**",null,"0.98(0.97-0.99)**"]
["Skilled birth Attendant",null,"1.84(1.72-1.96)***","1.41(1.32-1.51)***",null,"1.36(1.27-1.45)***",null,"1.29(1.21-1.38)***",null,"1.26(1.18-1.34)***"]
["Vaccination",null,"1.88(1.75-2.03)***","1.58(1.45-1.72)***",null,"1.55(1.42-1.69)***",null,"1.54(1.42-1.68)***",null,"1.53(1.41-1.66)***"]
["Maternal characteristics"]
["Age-at-birth (years)",null,null,"1.011(1.009-1.012)***",null,"1.009(1.007-1.009)***",null,"1.009(1.007-1.012)",null,"1.01(1.007-1.010)***"]
["Age-at-birth2 (years)",null,null,"0.99(0.99-0.99)***",null,"0.99(0.99-0.99)***",null,"0.99(0.99-0.99)***",null,"0.99(0.99-0.99)***"]
["Education (years)",null,null,"1.07(1.06-1.07)***",null,"1.04(1.03-1.05)***",null,"1.03(1.02-1.04)***",null,"1.03(1.02-1.04)***"]
["1-3 Prenatal Visits",null,null,"1.62(1.46-1.81)***",null,"1.54(1.37-1.72)***",null,"1.49(1.33-1.65)***",null,"1.42(1.27-1.58)***"]
["4+ Prenatal Visits",null,null,"1.82(1.66-1.99)***",null,"1.70(1.54-1.87)***",null,"1.62(1.48-1.78)***",null,"1.54(1.39-1.69)***"]
["Polygynous",null,null,"0.96(0.89-1.03)",null,"0.95(0.89-1.02)*",null,"0.92(0.86-0.98)**",null,"0.96(0.89-1.04)"]
["Work (Low-skilled)",null,null,"0.86(0.77-0.95)***",null,"0.93(0.83-1.03)*",null,"1.00(0.89-1.10)",null,"1.05(0.94-1.16)"]
["Work (Medium-skilled)",null,null,"1.09(1.05-1.15)***",null,"1.08(1.02-1.13)***",null,"1.04(0.98-1.09)*",null,"1.02(0.97-1.08)"]
["Work (High-skilled)",null,null,"1.07(0.98-1.17)*",null,"1.01(0.93-1.12)",null,"0.99(0.91-1.08)",null,"0.97(0.89-1.06)"]
["Decision-maker",null,null,"0.97(0.91-1.04)",null,"0.98(0.92-1.05)",null,"0.97(0.90-1.04)",null,"0.96(0.91-1.03)"]
["Access to mass media",null,null,"1.22(1.15-1.31)***",null,"1.16(1.09-1.25)***",null,"1.09(1.01-1.17)**",null,"1.07(1.00-1.15)**"]
["Child mortality (=1)",null,null,"0.92(0.86-0.99)**",null,"0.94(0.87-1.00)***",null,"0.95(0.88-1.02)*",null,"0.96(0.89-1.04)"]
["Child mortality (=2+)",null,null,"0.75(0.69-0.83)***",null,"0.78(0.71-0.86)***",null,"0.81(0.74-0.88)***",null,"0.81(0.74-0.89)***"]
["Paternal characteristics"]
["Age (years)",{"$nulls":4},"1.03(1.01-1.05)***",null,"1.02(1.01-1.04)***",null,"1.02(1.01-1.04)***"]
["Age (years)2",{"$nulls":4},"0.99(0.99-0.99)***",null,"0.99(0.99-0.99)***",null,"0.99(0.99-0.99)***"]
["Education (years)",{"$nulls":4},"1.044(1.037-1.050)***",null,"1.03(1.02-1.04)***",null,"1.03(1.02-1.04)***"]
["Work (Low-skilled)",{"$nulls":4},"0.84(0.79-0.89)***",null,"0.90(0.85-0.97)**",null,"0.93(0.87-0.99)**"]
["Work (Medium-skilled)",{"$nulls":4},"1.09(1.03-1.15)**",null,"1.06(0.99-1.12)**",null,"1.04(0.98-1.09)*"]
["Work (High-skilled)",{"$nulls":4},"1.09(1.02-1.18)**",null,"1.04(0.98-1.12)",null,"1.05(0.97-1.13)*"]
["Household characteristics"]
["Head has a bank account",{"$nulls":6},"1.24(1.16-1.32)",null,"1.24(1.16-1.32)***"]
["Wealth- Middle",{"$nulls":6},"1.56(1.43-1.72)",null,"1.27(1.15-1.39)***"]
["Wealth- Rich",{"$nulls":6},"2.16(1.94-2.41)",null,"1.58(1.38-1.77)***"]
["Religion- Christian",{"$nulls":6},"1.18(1.06-1.31)***",null,"1.20(1.09-1.31)***"]
["Religion- Other",{"$nulls":6},"0.67(0.55-0.82)***",null,"0.67(0.55-0.78)***"]
["Ethnicity- Igbo",{"$nulls":6},"1.13(1.01-1.24)**",null,"1.14(1.02-1.27)**"]
["Ethnicity- Yoruba",{"$nulls":6},"1.13(1.03-1.25)**",null,"1.12(1.01-1.23)**"]
["Ethnicity- Other",{"$nulls":6},"0.88(0.82-0.94)***",null,"0.89(0.83-0.95)***"]
["Community Characteristics"]
["Rural",{"$nulls":8},"1.00(0.93-1.07)"]
["Dist. to Reg. center (5-<10kms)",{"$nulls":8},"0.89(0.77-1.04)*"]
["Dist. to Reg. center(10kms+)",{"$nulls":8},"0.65(0.53-0.77)***"]
["Distance to road (5-<10kms)",{"$nulls":8},"1.09(0.89-1.28)"]
["Distance to road (10kms+)",{"$nulls":8},"1.17(0.95-1.52)*"]
["Altitude (meters)",{"$nulls":8},"1.24(1.03-1.48)**"]
["Altitude (meters)",{"$nulls":8},"1.16(0.94-1.42)*"]
["Mean female education",{"$nulls":8},"1.02(0.99-1.05)"]
["Mean male education",{"$nulls":8},"1.01(0.99-1.02)"]
["% of poor HHs",{"$nulls":8},"0.38(0.29-0.49)***"]
["% of children who died",{"$nulls":8},"0.98(0.86-1.14)"]
["North-Central",{"$nulls":8},"1.24(0.77-2.02)"]
["North-East",{"$nulls":8},"1.64(0.89-2.95)**"]
["South-East",{"$nulls":8},"0.61(0.31-0.88)**"]
["South-South",{"$nulls":8},"0.83(0.52-1.21)"]
["South-West",{"$nulls":8},"1.04(0.65-1.61)"]
["Cons","0.11(0.08-0.14)***","0.29(0.12-0.62)***","0.02(0.01-0.03)***",null,"0.003(0.002-0.004)***",null,"0.005(0.003-0.011)***",null,"0.005(0.003-0.009)***"]
["Measures of Variation"]
["State-level"]
["Variance τ (95% CI)","1.08(0.65-1.78)","0.68(0.41-1.09)","0.43(0.27-0.72)",null,"0.43(0.26-0.69)",null,"0.39(0.24-0.67)",null,"0.41(0.23-0.68)"]
["ICC (%)",16.5,11.9,8.3,null,8.4,null,7.9,null,8.1]
["PCV (%)","Reference",27.9,49.7,null,49.1,null,52.1,null,50.9]
["MOR",2.69,2.2,1.87,null,1.87,null,1.82,null,1.83]
["Community-level"]
["Variance τ (95% CI)","2.34(2.17-2.53)","1.81(1.65-1.97)","1.48(1.35-1.61)",null,"1.39(1.26-1.52)",null,"1.30(1.19-1.43)",null,"1.28(1.17-1.40)"]
["ICC (%)",34.9,31.4,28.5,null,27.3,null,26.1,null,25.9]
["PCV (%)","Reference",10,18.3,null,21.8,null,25.2,null,25.8]
["MOR",4.3,3.61,3.18,null,3.08,null,2.97,null,2.94]
["Model Fit Statistics"]
["DIC",45472.18,44854.72,44324.48,null,44156.26,null,43933.89,null,43787.27]
["DIC change*","Reference",-617.46,-530.24,null,-168.22,null,-222.37,null,-146.62]
["Notes: a Model 1: contained only dummies for year-and-month of interview and the year-and-month of the child’s birth; b Model 2: contained only child characteristics; c Model 3: Model 2 plus mother characteristics; d Model 4: Model 3 plus father characteristics; e Model 5: Model 4 plus Household characteristics; f Model 6: Model 5 plus Community characteristics; OR = Odds ratio; CI = Credible Interval; ICC: Intra-class Correlation Coefficient; PCV: Proportional Change in Variance; DIC: Deviation Information Criterion *: Change in relation to the previous model"]